{"product_id":"after-disaster-thomas-a-birkland-9780878406531","title":"After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events","description":"\u003cp\u003eDisasters like earthquakes are known as focusing events-sudden calamities that cause both citizens and policymakers to pay more attention to a public problem and often to press for solutions. This book, the first comprehensive analysis of these dramatic events, explains how and why some public disasters change political agendas and, ultimately, public policies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas A. Birkland explores important successes and failures in the policy process by analyzing the political outcomes of four types of events: earthquakes, hurricanes, oil spills, and nuclear accidents. Using this empirical data to go beyond an intuitive understanding of focusing events, he presents a theory of where and when these events will gain attention and how they trigger political reactions. Birkland concludes that different types of disasters result in different kinds of agenda politics. Public outrage over the highly visible damage caused by the \u003ci\u003eExxon Valdez\u003c\/i\u003e oil spill, for example, ended a fourteen-year logjam holding back Congressional legislation to regulate oil spill cleanups. On the other hand, the intangible effects of Three Mile Island had less concrete results in a political arena that was already highly polarized.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntegrating a variety of theories on the policy process, including agenda setting, policy communities, advocacy coalitions, the political aspects of the news media, and the use of symbols in political debate, Birkland illuminates the dynamics of event-driven policy activity. As the first extensive study of its kind, this book offers new insights into the policy process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Thomas A. Birkland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0878406530\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780878406531\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Georgetown University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 10\/01\/1997\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 192\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.59lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.04h x 6.04w x 0.48d","brand":"Thomas A. Birkland","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":43926736732415,"sku":"9780878406531","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/products\/img_d808f09b-248f-46aa-8e91-90b2e6cda38e.jpg?v=1681084723","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/after-disaster-thomas-a-birkland-9780878406531","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}