{"product_id":"black-soldiers-in-jim-crow-garna-l-christian-9780890966372","title":"Black Soldiers in Jim Crow Texas, 1899-1917","description":"In Jim Crow Texas, black Regular Army units returning victoriously from Cuba and the Philippines collided head-on with local segregation and bigotry. As the soldiers' expectations of dignity and respect met with racial restrictions and indignities from civilian communities, a series of violent episodes erupted. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eAlthough confrontations also occurred elsewhere, the most notorious were in Texas, beginning with an 1899 clash between white lawmen in Texarkana and black soldiers riding a troop train west after returning from Cuba. The first truly violent episode came in 1906, when troops were accused of attacking Brownsville after civilian provocations. In 1917 a full-scale battle in Houston resulted in fifteen dead and twenty-one injured. Between 1899 and 1917, a series of other face-offs--some involving the complex relationships of blacks with local Hispanic populations--occurred when black soldiers stood up for their rights or their lives in San Antonio, Laredo, El Paso, Rio Grande City, Del Rio, and Waco. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThis little-known story, never before told in full, illuminates the collision of racial discrimination with racial pride and reveals once again the petty biases, institutionalized racism, and mutual suspicions that have divided American society. But it is also a story of lofty aspirations too long delayed, of the transformation of a downtrodden race into a self-confident people, and of the noble attempt, however dangerous its means, to realize full citizenship. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eClearly written and impressively researched, \u003ci\u003eBlack Soldiers in Jim Crow Texas\u003c\/i\u003e traces the relationship of the four black military regiments--the 24th and 25th Infantries and the 9th and 10th Cavalries--with white civilian communities in the period between the Spanish-American War and World War I. Drawn from previously unexploited sources, it fills a void in the increasing body of research on the black military and illuminates the magnitude of racial intolerance in early twentieth-century America. No other work has explored these issues in such depth and with such skill.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Garna L. Christian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0890966370\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780890966372\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Texas A\u0026amp;M University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 05\/01\/1995\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 248\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.34lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.32h x 6.43w x 0.96d","brand":"Garna L. Christian","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46489228837119,"sku":"9780890966372","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_c489a0f3-e5bb-444f-92bf-5f8b2252fab5.jpg?v=1736952952","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/black-soldiers-in-jim-crow-garna-l-christian-9780890966372","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}