{"product_id":"byzantiums-twilight-michael-g-stroud-9798882644016","title":"Byzantium's Twilight: Strategic Failures That Crushed an Empire","description":"The Western Roman Empire is cited as falling in 476 A.D. with the deposing of Emperor Romulus Augustulus, thus leaving it's surviving counterpart, Byzantium, as Roman culture's torch bearer. This beacon of all things Roman would survive for nearly a millennia more until the mid-fifteenth century, when Constantinople would finally fall to the might of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed II (1432-1481) in 1453. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eByzantium demonstrated extreme resilience and ingenuity in its time as an empire, surviving vast natural disasters, plagues, incessant wars, political upheaval, and devastating defeats, such as Manzikert in 1071. This book posits how Byzantium's fate was sealed, and its collapse assured by the twelfth century, not due to a single battle or event, but rather several catastrophic strategic failures. Additionally, it is explored how the exigent and costly wars of Emperor Justinian I (482-565) and the empire's shortsightedness in recognizing and adjusting to the meteoric rise and threat of Islamic armies would lead to the inevitable downfall of the Byzantine Empire by 1100.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Michael G. Stroud\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9798882644016\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Independently Published\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 03\/01\/2024\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 48\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.17lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.10d","brand":"Michael G. Stroud","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":48113957994751,"sku":"9798882644016","price":7.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_673e29cc-50a1-4342-adef-653c7dc9f3fb.jpg?v=1769618222","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/byzantiums-twilight-michael-g-stroud-9798882644016","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}