{"product_id":"coups-and-revolutions-amy-austin-holmes-9780197585801","title":"Coups and Revolutions: Mass Mobilization, the Egyptian Military, and the United States from Mubarak to Sisi","description":"In 2011, Egypt witnessed more protests than any other country in the world. Counter to the received narrative, Amy Austin Holmes argues that the ousting of Mubarak in 2011 did not represent the culmination of a revolution or the beginning of a transition period, but rather the beginning of a revolutionary process that would unfold in three waves, followed by two waves of counterrevolution. This book offers the first analysis of both the revolution and counterrevolution in Egypt from January 2011 until June 2018. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe period of revolutionary upheaval played out in three uprisings against three distinct forms of authoritarian rule: the Mubarak regime and the police state that protected it, the unelected military junta known as the Supreme Council of Armed Forces, and the religious authoritarianism of the Muslim Brotherhood. The counterrevolution occurred over two periods: the first under Adly Mansour as interim president and the second after El Sisi was elected president. While the regime imprisoned or killed the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood and many secular activists during the first wave of the counterrevolution, it turned against civil society at large during the second: NGOs, charities, media, academia, and minority groups. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn addition to providing new and unprecedented empirical data, \u003cem\u003eCoups and Revolutions\u003c\/em\u003e makes two theoretical contributions. First, it presents a new framework for analyzing the state apparatus in Egypt based on four pillars of regime support that can either prop up or press upon whoever is in power. These are the Egyptian military, the business elite, the United States, and the multi-headed opposition. Secondly, the book brings together the literature on bottom-up revolutionary movements and top-down military coups, and it introduces the concept of a \u003cem\u003ecoup from below\u003c\/em\u003e in contrast to the \u003cem\u003erevolution from above\u003c\/em\u003e that took place under Gamal Abdel Nasser.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Amy Austin Holmes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0197585809\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780197585801\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Oxford University Press, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/01\/2021\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 408\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.32lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.20h x 6.00w x 0.80d","brand":"Amy Austin Holmes","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":43944677146879,"sku":"9780197585801","price":35.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/products\/img_cb4380f6-14ea-4766-a4c0-2f372eefe9f1.jpg?v=1681504666","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/coups-and-revolutions-amy-austin-holmes-9780197585801","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}