{"product_id":"creatively-undecided-menachem-fisch-9780226514512","title":"Creatively Undecided: Toward a History and Philosophy of Scientific Agency","description":"Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper are believed by many who study science to be the two key thinkers of the twentieth century. Each addressed the question of how scientific theories change, but they came to different conclusions. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e By turning our attention to ambiguity and indecision in science, Menachem Fisch, in \u003ci\u003eCreatively Undecided\u003c\/i\u003e, offers a new way to look at how scientific understandings change. Following Kuhn, Fisch argues that scientific practice depends on the framework in which it is conducted, but he also shows that those frameworks can be understood as the possible outcomes of the rational deliberation that Popper viewed as central to theory change. How can a scientist subject her standards to rational appraisal if that very act requires the use of those standards? The way out, Fisch argues, is by looking at the incentives scientists have to create alternative frameworks in the first place. Fisch argues that while science can only be transformed from within, by people who have standing in the field, criticism from the outside is essential. We may not be able to be sufficiently self-critical on our own, but trusted criticism from outside, even if resisted, can begin to change our perspective--at which point transformative self-criticism becomes a real option.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Menachem Fisch\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 022651451X\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780226514512\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Chicago Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/27\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 304\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.95lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.90h x 5.90w x 0.70d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReview Citation(s): \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e 08\/01\/2018","brand":"Menachem Fisch","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":49096662089983,"sku":"9780226514512","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/creatively-undecided-menachem-fisch-9780226514512","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}