{"product_id":"exploratio-n-j-e-austin-9780415049450","title":"Exploratio: Military \u0026 Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eExploratio\u003c\/em\u003e is the first ever survey of Roman military and civil intelligence. The authors examine in detail the operation and gradual development of Roman intelligence-gathering from shaky beginnings to a high level of excellence. They identify who gathered it, and for whom.\u003cbr\u003eThis study shows the effects of intelligence on policy formation at various levels from the purely local through to the global. The consequences of various instances of the mishandling of information are uncovered. Austin and Rankov also demonstrate that intelligence gathering was not necessarily directed from Rome, but had for practical reasons to be carried out and processed on the frontiers themselves.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eExploratio\u003c\/em\u003e is important reading for all students and teachers of Roman history. It will also appeal to those with a general interest in military or diplomatic history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e N. J. E. Austin,N. B. Rankov\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0415049458\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780415049450\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Routledge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 10\/05\/1995\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 318\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.83lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.26h x 6.36w x 0.98d","brand":"N. J. E. Austin","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":48112747413759,"sku":"9780415049450","price":190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_a81a3acd-8886-4e50-8e9b-453f931a89d0.jpg?v=1769610666","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/exploratio-n-j-e-austin-9780415049450","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}