{"product_id":"fortis-and-lenis-in-germanic-gerda-i-alexander-9780820400280","title":"Fortis and Lenis in Germanic","description":"This study represents a bold reanalysis of the phonemic system of Germanic consonants. The accepted primary voiced-voiceless phonemic contrast is replaced by fortis-lenis, whose origin is projected back into Proto-Germanic. It is proposed to view the Germanic consonant shift as the result of lenition in Gmc. \/b d g f X s X\/ and of strengthening of articulation in Gmc. \/p t k\/. Voice and spirantization are characteristic of the lenis members, whereas voicelessness and extraduration are characteristic of fortis. This concept, backed by orthographic, comparative and acoustic phonetic data, supplies not only a simpler and more plausible development into the daughter languages, but also provides a common element in the explanation of the First and Second Sound Shift.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Gerda I. Alexander\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0820400289\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780820400280\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 12\/31\/1983\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.70lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.80h x 6.00w x 0.50d","brand":"Gerda I. Alexander","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":49082572833023,"sku":"9780820400280","price":35.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/fortis-and-lenis-in-germanic-gerda-i-alexander-9780820400280","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}