{"product_id":"foundational-issues-in-artificial-intelligence-mark-h-bickhard-9780444820488","title":"Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Impasse and Solution Volume 109","description":"The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields.\u003cp\u003eThe impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencoding\u003ci\u003eism\u003c\/i\u003e is at root logically incoherent; any \u003ci\u003eprogrammatic\u003c\/i\u003e research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInteractivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Mark H. Bickhard,L. Terveen\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0444820485\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780444820488\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e North-Holland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 03\/07\/1995\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 392\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.62lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.21h x 6.14w x 0.88d\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Mark H. Bickhard","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":48086685909247,"sku":"9780444820488","price":220.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_f965c609-5907-4e9b-9fb7-671dbd3609ee.jpg?v=1769096022","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/foundational-issues-in-artificial-intelligence-mark-h-bickhard-9780444820488","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}