{"product_id":"hybrid-threats-michael-fredholm-von-essen-9781804518809","title":"Hybrid Threats: Concept and Recognition Guide","description":"Hybrid threats embody a mixture of violent, coercive and non-violent means in order to enable state and non-state actors to achieve their ends. The concept of hybrid threats has in recent years become an integral part of the security and national security policies adopted by the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and indeed most Western countries. The concept also frequently appears in headline news. Yet, military intelligence services and security services seem unable to agree on how to define the phenomenon, or on how to take efficient countermeasures against them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this important work, the author examines the rise of hybrid threats in the post-Cold War environment and provides extensive examples of the nature of the threat and case studies of how hybrid threats have been employed by state and non-state actors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Michael Fredholm Von Essen\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1804518808\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781804518809\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Helion \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/15\/2025\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 72\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback","brand":"Michael Fredholm Von Essen","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47136702791935,"sku":"9781804518809","price":29.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_3e1bb054-bf6f-4214-a384-9e111a5b96be.jpg?v=1755024130","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/hybrid-threats-michael-fredholm-von-essen-9781804518809","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}