{"product_id":"improvised-cities-helen-gyger-9780822945369","title":"Improvised Cities: Architecture, Urbanization, and Innovation in Peru","description":"Beginning in the 1950s, an explosion in rural-urban migration dramatically increased the population of cities throughout Peru, leading to an acute housing shortage and the proliferation of self-built shelters clustered in \u003ci\u003ebarriadas\u003c\/i\u003e, or squatter settlements. \u003ci\u003eImprovised Cities\u003c\/i\u003e examines the history of aided self-help housing, or technical assistance to self-builders, which took on a variety of forms in Peru from 1954 to 1986. While the postwar period saw a number of trial projects in aided self-help housing throughout the developing world, Peru was the site of significant experiments in this field and pioneering in its efforts to enact a large-scale policy of land tenure regularization in improvised, unauthorized cities. Gyger focuses on three interrelated themes: the circumstances that made Peru a fertile site for innovation in low-cost housing under a succession of very different political regimes; the influences on, and movements within, architectural culture that prompted architects to consider self-help housing as an alternative mode of practice; and the context in which international development agencies came to embrace these projects as part of their larger goals during the Cold War and beyond.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Helen Gyger\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0822945363\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780822945369\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Pittsburgh Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 03\/12\/2019\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 456\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 2.90lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 10.10h x 7.10w x 1.20d","brand":"Helen Gyger","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46431319654655,"sku":"9780822945369","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_721ff460-6e03-4100-985d-e43acb7bac7f.jpg?v=1735140968","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/improvised-cities-helen-gyger-9780822945369","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}