{"product_id":"lektra-371-bce-nic-fields-9781804517697","title":"Le?ktra 371 Bce: Sparta's Twilight","description":"The famous Spartan d?b?cle at Leūktra was a gamechanger both politically and militarily. Having won the Peloponnesian War and inherited the Athenian hegemony of the Greek world, Sparta for the next three decades had proven unbeatable in hoplite battle. All that was to change during one afternoon in the high summer of 371 BCE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKleombrotos was killed with most of his royal guard when Epameinondas' Theban phalanx, which he had stacked 'fifty-shields deep' and fronted with the veteran Sacred Band, mowed down that of the Spartan king's. Moreover, the Theban general's use of what we know as the oblique order foreshadowed the combined arms tactics that was to be fully developed by Philip II of Macedon (onetime political hostage held in the house of Epameinondas), and subsequently employed to brilliant effect by his son Alexander the Great during his eye-opening success against the Persian Empire.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative generalship of Epameinondas had given the Thebans a critical victory over the best hoplite force in Greece. Crucially, the fall of their king virtually signalled the end of Sparta's hegemony over the Greek world, facilitating the, albeit brief, rise of Thebes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Nic Fields\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1804517690\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781804517697\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Helion \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/30\/2025\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 168\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback","brand":"Nic Fields","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":46867273974015,"sku":"9781804517697","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_06cd0c99-bd0b-4e16-a07d-b1180b04b81d.jpg?v=1747454343","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/lektra-371-bce-nic-fields-9781804517697","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}