{"product_id":"logical-must-penelope-maddy-9780199391752","title":"Logical Must: Wittgenstein on Logic","description":"\u003cem\u003eThe Logical Must\u003c\/em\u003e is an examination of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of logic, early and late, undertaken from an austere naturalistic perspective Penelope Maddy has called \"Second Philosophy.\" The Second Philosopher is a humble but tireless inquirer who begins her investigation of the world with ordinary perceptual beliefs, moves from there to empirical generalizations, then to deliberate experimentation, and eventually to theory formation and confirmation. She takes this same approach to logical truth, locating its ground in simple worldly structures and our knowledge of it in our basic cognitive machinery, tuned by evolutionary pressures to detect those structures where they occur. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn his early work \u003cem\u003eTractatus Logico-Philosophicus\u003c\/em\u003e, Wittgenstein also links the logical structure of representation with the structure of the world, but he includes one key unnaturalistic assumption: that the sense of our representations must be given prior to-independently of-facts about how the world is. When that assumption is removed, the general outlines of the resulting position come surprisingly close to the Second Philosopher's roughly empirical account. In his later discussions of logic in \u003cem\u003ePhilosophical Investigations\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRemarks on the Foundations of Mathematics\u003c\/em\u003e, Wittgenstein also rejects this earlier assumption in favor of a picture that arises in the wake of the famous rule-following considerations. Here Wittgenstein and the Second Philosopher operate in even closer harmony-locating the ground of our logical practices in our interests, our natural inclinations and abilities, and very general features of the world-until the Second Philosopher moves to fill in the account with her empirical investigations of the world and cognition. At this point, Wittgenstein balks, but as a matter of personal animosity rather than philosophical principle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Penelope Maddy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0199391750\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780199391752\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Oxford Univ PR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 09\/03\/2014\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 152\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.60lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.30h x 5.70w x 0.90d","brand":"Penelope Maddy","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":48440900452607,"sku":"9780199391752","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_7195393c-4996-41bf-a854-a2e2fa24dafc.jpg?v=1777187420","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/logical-must-penelope-maddy-9780199391752","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}