{"product_id":"miners-merchants-and-farmers-in-ann-twinam-9780292735613","title":"Miners, Merchants, and Farmers in Colonial Colombia","description":"\u003cp\u003e The inhabitants of the department of Antioqu僘 in north-central Colombia have played a unique role in that country's economic history. During the colonial period Antioque placer miners supplied a substantial portion of New Granada's gold exports. Their nineteenth-century descendants pioneered investments in lode mining, colonization, international commerce, banking, stock raising, tobacco, and coffee. In the twentieth century, Antioques initiated the industrialization of the regional capital, Medell匤. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Many theories have been set forth to account for the special energy and initiative of Antioques. They range from ethnic and psychological interpretations (Antioques are descended from Jews or Basques; they are driven to succeed because of status deprivation) to historical explanations that emphasize their geographic isolation, mining heritage, or the coffee-export economy. In \u003ci\u003eMiners, Merchants, and Farmers in Colonial Colombia\u003c\/i\u003e, Ann Twinam critiques these theories and sets forth her own revisionist interpretation of Antioque enterprise. Rather than emphasize the alien or deviant in Antioque psychology or culture, Twinam re-creates the region's late colonial economic and social structure and attributes the origins of Antioque enterprise to a particular mix of human and natural resources that directed the region's development toward capital accumulation and reinvestment. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Although the existing limitations of their colonial environment may have forced Antioques along enterprising pathways initially, the continuation of Antioque investments to the present day suggests that their adaptation to a specific economic reality became a way of life transcending the historical conditions that created it. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Ann Twinam\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0292735618\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780292735613\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Texas Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/01\/1982\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 206\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.68lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.47d","brand":"Ann Twinam","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":43913559867647,"sku":"9780292735613","price":19.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/products\/img_daa28eaa-52aa-4d30-b4db-c39051e900b4.jpg?v=1680621055","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/miners-merchants-and-farmers-in-ann-twinam-9780292735613","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}