{"product_id":"mutual-aid-andrea-gouveia-9781546749592","title":"Mutual Aid","description":"Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 essay collection by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or \"mutual aid\") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centred theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism, presenting a scientific basis for communism alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Andrea Gouveia, P. Kropotkin\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1546749594\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781546749592\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Createspace Independent Publishing Platform\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 05\/17\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 150\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.60lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 10.00h x 7.00w x 0.32d","brand":"Andrea Gouveia","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":43996328427775,"sku":"9781546749592","price":10.19,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_eeae86cc-3fe0-46e5-9348-bcec6951ec0c.jpg?v=1683341056","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/mutual-aid-andrea-gouveia-9781546749592","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}