{"product_id":"needle-exchange-programs-u-s-government-accountability-office-9781289114145","title":"Needle Exchange Programs: Research Suggests Promise as an AIDS Prevention Strategy: HRD-93-60","description":"Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed needle exchange programs' effectiveness in reducing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), focusing on: (1) the success of domestic and international needle exchange programs; (2) the credibility of a Yale University forecasting model that estimates the impact of needle exchange programs on the spread of HIV; and (3) whether federal funds could be allocated for needle exchange program studies and demonstrations. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e GAO found that: (1) six of the nine needle exchange projects examined provided information on the rate of needle sharing, prevalence of injection drug use, and frequency of injection; (2) two projects indicated that needle exchange programs were associated with reduced needle sharing among intravenous drug users, while one project reported an increase in needle sharing; (3) five projects reported no evidence of increased drug use because of greater needle availability; (4) seven projects reported successes in referring intravenous drug users to drug treatment and other health services, but not all drug users were able to obtain treatment; (5) the Yale University forecasting model, which claimed that needle exchange programs could reduce HIV transmissions by about 33 percent, was credible, technically sound, and reasonable; (6) the reduction in HIV transmissions stemmed from the program's ability to lessen the opportunity for needles to become infected, shared, or infect uninfected drug users; (7) the Yale University model relied on a data collection system that monitored the amount of needles distributed and returned, identified the drug user and needle exchanges, and analyzed residual blood in returned needles for HIV infection; and (8) Congress has specifically restricted the use of appropriated funds for needle exchange programs, but GAO believes that federal funds could be used for needle exchange studies and demonstrations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e U. S. Government Accountability Office (\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1289114145\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781289114145\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/27\/2013\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 42\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.21lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.69h x 7.44w x 0.09d","brand":"U. S. Government Accountability Office (","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47611419295999,"sku":"9781289114145","price":15.75,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_6de2819a-c8ae-4ccd-a0f3-c220c72e2434.jpg?v=1764513758","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/needle-exchange-programs-u-s-government-accountability-office-9781289114145","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}