{"product_id":"revolutionary-jews-from-spinoza-to-jonathan-i-israel-9780295748665","title":"Revolutionary Jews from Spinoza to Marx: The Fight for a Secular World of Universal and Equal Rights","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDefines how Jewish intellectuals of the Enlightenment influenced later European revolutionary movements\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eIn the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a small but conspicuous fringe of the Jewish population became the world's most resolute, intellectually driven, and philosophical revolutionaries, among them the pre-Marxist Karl Marx. Yet the roots of their alienation from existing society and determination to change it extend back to the very heart of the Enlightenment, when Spinoza and other philosophers living in a rigid, hierarchical society colored by a deeply hostile theology first developed a modern revolutionary consciousness.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLeading intellectual historian Jonathan Israel shows how the radical ideas in the early Marx's writings were influenced by this legacy, which, he argues, must be understood as part of the Radical Enlightenment. He traces the rise of a Jewish revolutionary tendency demanding social equality and universal human rights throughout the Western world. Israel considers how these writers understood Jewish marginalization and ghettoization and the edifice of superstition, prejudice, and ignorance that sustained them. He investigates how the quest for Jewish emancipation led these thinkers to formulate sweeping theories of social and legal reform that paved the way for revolutionary actions that helped change the world from 1789 onward--but hardly as they intended.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Jonathan I. Israel\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0295748664\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780295748665\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Washington Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/06\/2021\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 560\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.94lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.06h x 6.38w x 1.57d","brand":"Jonathan I. Israel","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":44048145514751,"sku":"9780295748665","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_b5030a68-1c1e-4ef5-ae85-87e63d8091f1.jpg?v=1684994154","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/revolutionary-jews-from-spinoza-to-jonathan-i-israel-9780295748665","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}