{"product_id":"risk-of-microgravity-induced-visual-impairment-christian-otto-9781289130039","title":"Risk of Microgravity-Induced Visual Impairment and Elevated Intracranial Pressure (Viip)","description":"\u003cbr\u003e Eight cases identified, represent 23.5% of the 34 crewmembers flown on the ISS, with inflight visual changes and pre-to-postflight refractive changes. In some cases, the changes were transient while in others they are persistent with varying degrees of visual impairment. (1) Decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) postflight was observed in 3 cases. (2) Fundoscopic exams revealed postflight findings of choroidal folds in 4 cases, optic disc edema in 5 cases and presence of cotton wool spots in 3 cases. (3) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed findings of choroidal folds and disc edema and documented retinal nerve fiber layer thickening (4 cases). (4) Findings from MRI examinations showed posterior globe flattening (5 cases) and optic nerve sheath distension (6 cases). (5) Opening cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was elevated in 4 cases postflight reflecting raised intracranial pressure. While the etiology remains unknown, hypotheses speculate that venous insufficiency or hypertension in the brain caused by cephalad fluid shifts during spaceflight are possible mechanisms for ocular changes in astronauts. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Christian Otto\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1289130035\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781289130039\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Bibliogov\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/27\/2013\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 78\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.34lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.69h x 7.44w x 0.16d","brand":"Christian Otto","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47611421065471,"sku":"9781289130039","price":17.75,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_6ac1d7a2-0232-4f3d-b1a9-74f77e71f4da.jpg?v=1764513770","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/risk-of-microgravity-induced-visual-impairment-christian-otto-9781289130039","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}