{"product_id":"slavery-and-the-numbers-game-herbert-g-gutman-9780252071515","title":"Slavery and the Numbers Game: A Critique of Time on the Cross","description":"\u003cbr\u003e This detailed analysis of slavery in the antebellum South was written in 1975 in response to the prior year's publication of Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman's controversial \u003ci\u003eTime on the Cross\u003c\/i\u003e, which argued that slavery was an efficient and dynamic engine for the southern economy and that its success was due largely to the willing cooperation of the slaves themselves. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Noted labor historian Herbert G. Gutman was unconvinced, even outraged, by Fogel and Engerman's arguments. In this book he offers a systematic dissection of \u003ci\u003eTime on the Cross\u003c\/i\u003e, drawing on a wealth of data to contest that book's most fundamental assertions. A benchmark work of historical inquiry, Gutman's critique sheds light on a range of crucial aspects of slavery and its economic effectiveness. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Gutman emphasizes the slaves' responses to their treatment at the hands of slaveowners. He shows that slaves labored, not because they shared values and goals with their masters, but because of the omnipresent threat of 'negative incentives, ' primarily physical violence. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e In his introduction to this new edition, Bruce Levine provides a historical analysis of the debate over \u003ci\u003eTime on the Cross\u003c\/i\u003e. Levine reminds us of the continuing influence of the latter book, demonstrated by Robert W. Fogel's 1993 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, and hence the importance and timeliness of Gutman's critique. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Herbert G. Gutman\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0252071514\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780252071515\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Illinois Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 08\/12\/2003\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 216\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.68lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.96h x 6.08w x 0.63d","brand":"Herbert G. Gutman","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":47072004243711,"sku":"9780252071515","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_1cd1b018-bccc-456a-af25-86bb3306498c.jpg?v=1753415530","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/slavery-and-the-numbers-game-herbert-g-gutman-9780252071515","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}