{"product_id":"speculative-freemasonry-and-the-enlightenment-r-william-weisberger-9781476669137","title":"Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment: A Study of the Craft in London, Paris, Prague, Vienna and Philadelphia, 2D Ed.","description":"\u003cp\u003e Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or \"speculative Freemasonry.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e R. William Weisberger\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1476669139\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781476669137\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e McFarland \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/18\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 240\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.70lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.80h x 5.90w x 0.60d","brand":"R. William Weisberger","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":44123896873215,"sku":"9781476669137","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_5e2d1f81-dcb1-4da3-a035-c150086c9f4f.jpg?v=1687433533","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/speculative-freemasonry-and-the-enlightenment-r-william-weisberger-9781476669137","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}