{"product_id":"the-middle-included-zmer-aygzn-9780810134003","title":"The Middle Included: Logos in Aristotle","description":"\u003ci\u003eThe Middle Included\u003c\/i\u003e is the first comprehensive account of the Ancient Greek word \u003ci\u003elogos\u003c\/i\u003e in Aristotelian philosophy. \u003ci\u003eLogos\u003c\/i\u003e means many things in the Aristotelian corpus: essential formula, proportion, reason, and language. Surveying these meanings in Aristotle's logic, physics, and ethics, Ömer Aygün persuasively demonstrates that these divers meanings of \u003ci\u003elogos\u003c\/i\u003e all refer to a basic sense of \"gathering\" or \"inclusiveness.\" In this sense, \u003ci\u003elogos\u003c\/i\u003e functions as a counterpart to a formal version of the principles of non-contradiction and of the excluded middle in his corpus. Aygün thus shifts Aristotle's traditional image from that of the father of formal logic, classificatory thinking, and \u003ci\u003eexclusion\u003c\/i\u003e to a more nuanced image of him as a thinker of \u003ci\u003einclusion\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Middle Included\u003c\/i\u003e also explores human language in Aristotelian philosophy. After an account of acoustic phenomena and animal communication, \u003ci\u003eAygün\u003c\/i\u003e argues that human language for Aristotle is the ability to understand and relay both first-hand experiences and non-first-hand experiences. This definition is key to understanding many core human experiences such as science, history, news media, education, sophistry, and indeed philosophy itself. \u003ci\u003eLogos\u003c\/i\u003e is thus never associated with any other animal nor with anything divine--it remains strictly and rigorously secular, humane, and yet full of the wonder.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Ömer Aygün\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0810134004\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780810134003\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Northwestern University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 03\/15\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 288\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.84lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.90h x 5.90w x 0.80d","brand":"Ömer Aygün","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":48065163067647,"sku":"9780810134003","price":34.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_c625c2f3-fc53-416e-9a9f-48d84a0fea85.jpg?v=1768673407","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/the-middle-included-zmer-aygzn-9780810134003","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}