{"product_id":"the-paradox-of-violence-in-david-smilde-9780822947127","title":"The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela: Revolution, Crime, and Policing During Chavismo","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. \u003ci\u003eThe Paradox of Violence in Venezuela \u003c\/i\u003eexplains the rise of violence under both Hugo Ch疱ez and Nicol疽 Maduro--leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. \u003ci\u003eThe Paradox of Violence in Venezuela\u003c\/i\u003e reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e David Smilde\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0822947129\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780822947127\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Pittsburgh Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 05\/30\/2023\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 280\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.23lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.13h x 5.98w x 1.26d","brand":"David Smilde","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":44070862815487,"sku":"9780822947127","price":55.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_ce40ce30-9ded-430a-827a-ddc41a13342d.jpg?v=1685432772","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/the-paradox-of-violence-in-david-smilde-9780822947127","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}