{"product_id":"the-peoples-two-powers-arthur-ghins-9781009688826","title":"The People's Two Powers: Public Opinion and Popular Sovereignty from Rousseau to Liberal Democracy","description":"The People's Two Powers revisits the emergence of democracy during the French Revolution and examines how French liberalism evolved in response. By focusing on two concepts often studied separately-public opinion and popular sovereignty-Arthur Ghins uncovers a significant historical shift in the understanding of democracy. Initially tied to the direct exercise of popular sovereignty by Rousseau, Condorcet, the Montagnards, and Bonapartist theorists, democracy was first rejected, then associated with the idea of rule by public opinion by liberals throughout the nineteenth century. This redefinition culminated in the invention of the term 'liberal democracy' in France in the 1860s. Originally conceived in opposition to 'Caesarism' during the Second Empire, the term has an ongoing and important legacy, and was later redeployed by French liberals against shifting adversaries - 'totalitarianism' from the 1930s onward, and 'populism' since the 1980s.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Arthur Ghins\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1009688820\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781009688826\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Cambridge University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 01\/31\/2026\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 320\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover","brand":"Arthur Ghins","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":47637090205951,"sku":"9781009688826","price":130.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_d9b7c703-9a5c-438b-a09b-67cc0dfa93a8.jpg?v=1765113830","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/the-peoples-two-powers-arthur-ghins-9781009688826","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}