{"product_id":"the-taoism-of-clarified-tenuity-florian-c-reiter-9783447107723","title":"The Taoism of Clarified Tenuity: Content and Intention","description":"The term \u003ci\u003eTaoism of Clarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e designates a new branch of religious Taoism developed since the 13\/14th century by priests of the long-established Heavenly Masters Taoism. They claimed to continue Taoist exorcist traditions that since the Sung-period especially flourished because emperor Sung Hui-tsung (r. 1100-1126) appreciated the exorcism of Taoism of the Divine Empyrean and Five Thunders rituals. The purpose of the exorcist rituals was the expulsion of demoniac molestations, relief from droughts and inundations, and the healing of illnesses. Outstanding priests rationalized the exorcist practice, using theories of a meditative self-cultivation which peaked in the transformation into a Thunder divinity. The priest adopted a divine alter ego for the time of the ritual. \u003ci\u003eTaoism of Clarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e developed on the basis of these traditions and embraced regionally different religious habits. It adopted and adapted older cults, partly including Buddhist-Tantric practices. Leading priests of Clarified Tenuity presented theoretical essays, discussing the requirements of the personal cultivation of the Taoist to be a worthy performer of exorcism who was entitled to write and use amulets. The amulet was the essential ritual tool. However, the amulets of \u003ci\u003eClarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e were remarkably different from the older \u003ci\u003eThunder\u003c\/i\u003e amulets of the Sung era. Also, the new branch adopted different attitudes concerning ritual practices such as the transformation into a divinity. The book features developments of the more recent Taoist history and presents content and intention of \u003ci\u003eTaoism of Clarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e. The selected canonical texts also show that the priests of \u003ci\u003eClarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e insisted on a clear distinction between exorcism in Heavenly Masters Taoism and shamanism that they disavowed. The book presents and analyses several \u003ci\u003eGreat Rituals of Clarified Tenuity\u003c\/i\u003e and features elements of religious Taoism that today can still be traced.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Florian C. Reiter\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 3447107723\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9783447107723\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Harrassowitz\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 02\/22\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 163\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback","brand":"Florian C. Reiter","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":48241657577727,"sku":"9783447107723","price":55.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_1a0908ce-dc1d-45a7-a867-c88a412defc2.jpg?v=1772655404","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/the-taoism-of-clarified-tenuity-florian-c-reiter-9783447107723","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}