{"product_id":"the-transition-to-capitalism-in-xavier-lafrance-9780367553005","title":"The Transition to Capitalism in Modern France: Primitive Accumulation and Markets from the Old Regime to the post-WWII Era","description":"\u003cp\u003eHistorians, since the 1960s, argue that the French economy performed as well as did any economy in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries thanks to the opportunities for profit available on the market, especially the large consumer market in Paris. Whatever economic weaknesses existed did not stem from the social structure but from exogenous forces such as wars, the lack of natural resources or slow demographic growth. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book challenges the foregoing consensus by showing that the French economy performed poorly relative to its rivals because of noncapitalist social relations. Specifically, peasants and artisans controlled lands and workshops in autonomous communities and did not have to improve labor productivity to survive. Merchants and manufacturers cornered markets instead of being subject to the market's competitive imperatives. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, distinctive features of capitalism-primitive accumulation (the dispossession of peasants and artisans) and the competitive obligation faced by merchants and manufacturers to reinvest profits in order to keep the profits-did not prevail until the state imposed them in a process lasting for a century after the 1850s. For this reason, it was not until the 1960s that France caught up to (and in some cases surpassed) its economic rivals.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Xavier LaFrance, Stephen Miller\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0367553007\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780367553005\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Routledge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/03\/2023\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 230\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.13lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.21h x 6.14w x 0.56d","brand":"Xavier LaFrance","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":44540477505791,"sku":"9780367553005","price":170.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_8ba12f71-d509-46a1-97cb-b1d240319c41.jpg?v=1700588125","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/the-transition-to-capitalism-in-xavier-lafrance-9780367553005","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}