{"product_id":"unanswered-threats-randall-l-schweller-9780691136462","title":"Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power","description":"\u003cp\u003eWhy have states throughout history regularly underestimated dangers to their survival? Why have some states been able to mobilize their material resources effectively to balance against threats, while others have not been able to do so? The phenomenon of \"underbalancing\" is a common but woefully underexamined behavior in international politics. Underbalancing occurs when states fail to recognize dangerous threats, choose not to react to them, or respond in paltry and imprudent ways. It is a response that directly contradicts the core prediction of structural realism's balance-of-power theory--that states motivated to survive as autonomous entities are coherent actors that, when confronted by dangerous threats, act to restore the disrupted balance by creating alliances or increasing their military capabilities, or, in some cases, a combination of both. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Consistent with the new wave of neoclassical realist research, \u003ci\u003eUnanswered Threats\u003c\/i\u003e offers a theory of underbalancing based on four domestic-level variables--elite consensus, elite cohesion, social cohesion, and regime\/government vulnerability--that channel, mediate, and redirect policy responses to external pressures and incentives. The theory yields five causal schemes for underbalancing behavior, which are tested against the cases of interwar Britain and France, France from 1877 to 1913, and the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) that pitted tiny Paraguay against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Randall Schweller concludes that those most likely to underbalance are incoherent, fragmented states whose elites are constrained by political considerations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Randall L. Schweller\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0691136467\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780691136462\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Princeton University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 03\/30\/2008\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 200\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.64lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.10h x 6.54w x 0.46d","brand":"Randall L. Schweller","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":44059477999871,"sku":"9780691136462","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_c760f482-addf-4335-b462-b8e08abd9a85.jpg?v=1685058468","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/unanswered-threats-randall-l-schweller-9780691136462","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}