{"product_id":"veterans-and-agent-orange-national-academies-of-sciences-engineeri-9780309477161","title":"Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018)","description":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBecause of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. \u003ci\u003eVeterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018)\u003c\/i\u003e examines peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between various health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published between September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2017, and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e National Academies of Sciences Engineeri,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public He\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0309477166\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780309477161\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e National Academies Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 01\/20\/2019\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 738\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 2.45lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.10h x 6.00w x 1.80d","brand":"National Academies of Sciences Engineeri","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":48447699943679,"sku":"9780309477161","price":115.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_4422101b-6399-4524-8c23-f8faf328243c.jpg?v=1777234210","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/veterans-and-agent-orange-national-academies-of-sciences-engineeri-9780309477161","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}