{"product_id":"who-guidelines-for-screening-and-world-health-organization-9789241548694","title":"Who Guidelines for Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention","description":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion that may exist at any one of three stages: CIN1, CIN2, or CIN3. If left untreated, CIN2 or CIN3 (collectively referred to as CIN2+) can progress to cervical cancer. Instead of screening and diagnosis by the standard sequence of cytology, colposcopy, biopsy, and histological confirmation of CIN, an alternative method is to use a screen-and-treat approach in which the treatment decision is based on a screening test and treatment is provided soon or, ideally, immediately after a positive screening test. Available screening tests include a human papillomavirus (HPV) test, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and cytology (Pap test). Available treatments include cryotherapy, large loop excision of the transformation zone (LEEP\/LLETZ), and cold knife conization (CKC).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis guideline provides recommendations for strategies for a screen-and-treat program. It builds upon the existing WHO guidelines: Use of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (published in 2011) and on the new WHO guidelines for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2\/3 and glandular adenocarcinoma in situ (being published concomitantly with these present guidelines). This guideline is intended primarily for policy-makers, managers, program officers, and other professionals in the health sector who have responsibility for choosing strategies for cervical cancer prevention, at country, regional and district levels.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor countries where a cervical cancer prevention and control program already exists, these recommendations were developed to assist decision-makers to determine whether to provide a different screening test followed by a different treatment, or to provide a series of tests followed by an adequate treatment. For countries where such a program does not currently exist, these recommendations can be used to determine which screening test and treatment to provide. In addition to the recommendations, a decision-making flowchart is also proposed in Annex 2 to help program managers choose the right strategy based on the specific country or regional context. Once the strategy has been chosen, the appropriate screen-and-treat flowchart for that strategy can be followed. The flowcharts for all strategies are provided in Annex 3 (specifically for women of negative or unknown HIV status), and Annex 4 (for women of HIV-positive status or unknown HIV status in areas with high endemic HIV infection).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e World Health Organization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 924154869X\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9789241548694\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e World Health Organization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 02\/20\/2015\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 55\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.45lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 11.50h x 8.10w x 0.20d","brand":"World Health Organization","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":48450174025983,"sku":"9789241548694","price":48.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_7fbd965a-4367-46a2-85cb-cef445e923e5.jpg?v=1777266523","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/who-guidelines-for-screening-and-world-health-organization-9789241548694","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}