{"product_id":"x-marks-scott-richard-lyons-9780816666775","title":"X-Marks: Native Signatures of Assent","description":"During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, North American Indian leaders commonly signed treaties with the European powers and the American and Canadian governments with an \u003ci\u003eX\u003c\/i\u003e, signifying their presence and assent to the terms. These x-marks indicated coercion (because the treaties were made under unfair conditions), resistance (because they were often met with protest), and acquiescence (to both a European modernity and the end of a particular moment of Indian history and identity). In \u003ci\u003eX-Marks\u003c\/i\u003e, Scott Richard Lyons explores the complexity of contemporary Indian identity and current debates among Indians about traditionalism, nationalism, and tribalism. Employing the x-mark as a metaphor for what he calls the \"Indian assent to the new,\" Lyons offers a valuable alternative to both imperialist concepts of assimilation and nativist notions of resistance, calling into question the binary oppositions produced during the age of imperialism and maintaining that indigeneity is something that people do, not what they are. Drawing on his personal experiences and family history on the Leech Lake Ojibwe Reservation in northern Minnesota, discourses embedded in \u003ci\u003eOjibwemowin\u003c\/i\u003e (the Ojibwe language), and disagreements about Indian identity within Native American studies, Lyons contends that Indians should be able to choose nontraditional ways of living, thinking, and being without fear of being condemned as inauthentic. Arguing for a greater recognition of the diversity of Native America, \u003ci\u003eX-Marks\u003c\/i\u003e analyzes ongoing controversies about Indian identity, addresses the issue of culture and its use and misuse by essentialists, and considers the implications of the idea of an Indian nation. At once intellectually rigorous and deeply personal, \u003ci\u003eX-Marks\u003c\/i\u003e holds that indigenous peoples can operate in modern times while simultaneously honoring and defending their communities, practices, and values.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Scott Richard Lyons\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0816666776\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN-13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780816666775\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e University of Minnesota Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/b\u003e English\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 05\/19\/2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 248\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormat:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.60lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.40h x 5.40w x 0.70d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReview Citation(s): \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e 11\/01\/2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eReference and Research Bk News\u003c\/i\u003e 08\/01\/2010 pg. 61","brand":"Scott Richard Lyons","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":44172995657983,"sku":"9780816666775","price":25.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0662\/2982\/9887\/files\/img_61ba1b5a-3007-4e3e-894c-9ebf8b4fb751.jpg?v=1715382758","url":"https:\/\/www.whiterainbookhouse.com\/products\/x-marks-scott-richard-lyons-9780816666775","provider":"WR Book House","version":"1.0","type":"link"}