Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs): Mammalian and Environmental Toxicology (Paperback) (ISBN-13: 9783642705526)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been produced commercially since be- fore 1930. They proved to be highly versatile mixtures and their uses continued to expand during the early 1970's even after the unanticipated world-wide en- vironmental contamination had been discovered (Jensen et aI., 1969; Koeman et aI., 1969). Over 600,000 metric-tons were produced and/or used in the U. S. during this time and it is estimated that worldwide production totaled about 1,200,000 metric-tons (Table 1). With low acute toxicities (Fishbein, 1974), these mixtures were considered gen- erally biologically inactive even though industrial exposure had demonstrated he- patic and dermatological effects (Fishbein, 1974; Hansen, 1987). Thus, use and disposal were not carefully monitored and it is estimated that one-third of the world-wide production of PCBs has been released into the global environment (Table 1). Table 1. Estimated production and disposition of PCBs b U. s. a Worldwide 6 6 Production/use 610 X 10 kg 1200 X 10 kg Mobil environmental reservoir 82 400 Static reservoirs In service 340 Dumps 130 Total static 470 800 a NAS, 1979 b Tatsukawa and Tanaba, 1984 2 Environmental Distribution Many countries now impose strict controls on the use and release of PCBs. Re- lease into the environment has declined dramatically in the last decade, but con- tinued release from reservoirs (Table 1) into burdened ecosystems (Table 2) ap- pears inevitable for several more decades (Barros et aI., 1984).

Author: Stephen Safe
ISBN-10: 3642705529
ISBN-13: 9783642705526
Publisher: Springer
Language: English
Published: 11/20/2011
Pages: 152
Format: Paperback
Weight: 0.61lbs
Size: 9.61h x 6.69w x 0.36d