Theorizing Hedging: Explaining Shifts and Variations in Alignment Choices (Hardcover) (ISBN-13: 9781009589420)

Hedging, not balancing or bandwagoning, is the modal behavior of the non-great powers under uncertainty. Despite its prevalence as a state alignment choice, hedging has remained an undertheorized subject in the study of international relations. This Element presents one of the first theoretical works on strategic hedging in world politics. Tracing the multidisciplinary roots of hedging as an instinctive human behavior, I contend that sovereign actors hedge in ways similar to commodity traders, farmers, fund managers, academic writers, politicians, and individuals in competitive organizations under conditions of high-stakes and high-uncertainties. I then develop a two-level theoretical framework to explain when, how and why states hedge, rather than balance or bandwagon. Using selected Indo-Pacific countries as empirical cases, I conclude that while structural-level conditions largely explain the shifts in alignment decisions (e.g., from non-hedging to hedging, or vice versa), domestic factors explain the variations in hedging choices.

Author: Cheng-Chwee Kuik
ISBN-10: 1009589423
ISBN-13: 9781009589420
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Language: English
Published: 07/16/2026
Pages: 75
Format: Hardcover
Weight: 0.73lbs
Size: 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.31d