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HITECH Act's provisions to drive adoption and meaningful use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) holds great promise in supporting improvements in the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of care delivery. Replacing paper-based processes with electronic ones will have profound implications on both how care is...

A magnitude 6.8 (Ms) earthquake centered under the community of Northridge in the San Fernando Valley shook the entire Los Angeles metropolitan area at 4:31 a.m. local time on Monday, January 17, 1994. Moderate damage to the built environment was widespread; severe damage included...

The 2010 Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems workshop is the tenth in a series dedicated to defining measures and methodologies of evaluating performance of intelligent systems. Started in 2000, the PerMIS series focuses on applications of performance measures to applied problems in commercial, industrial,...

Safety in the patient compartment of ambulances is an issue of growing concern for emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, patients, and others affected by ambulances. A lot of research has been conducted by different players and much of it is scattered. As a quick...

The hp version of the finite element method (hp-FEM) combined with adaptive mesh refinement is a particularly efficient method for solving partial differential equations because it can achieve a convergence rate that is exponential in the number of degrees of freedom. hp-FEM allows for...

This Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems (CKMS) contains topics that should be considered by a CKMS designer when developing a CKMS design specification. For each topic, there are one or more documentation requirements that need to be addressed by the design specification....

Future commercial software systems will be based on distributed service oriented architectures in which applications are composed dynamically from remote components. A key part of service-oriented computing is the ability for clients to discover remote services that fulfill specific requirements. Since the mid-1990s, various...

A numerical model is demonstrated for the pyrolysis of a spherical thermoplastic sample in microgravity including effects of bubbles. The model combines nucleation, growth, and migration of individual bubbles in 3-D space with a finite element model that solves the 1-D radial equation for...

This publication seeks to assist Federal agencies in formulating plans for the acquisition of IPv6 technologies. To achieve this, we define a standards profile for IPv6 in the USG that is intended to be applicable to all future uses of IPv6 in non-classified, non-national...

This document provides best practice guidelines for integrating the PIV Card with the physical access control systems (PACS) that authenticate the cardholders in Federal facilities. Specifically, this document recommends a risk-based approach for selecting appropriate PIV authentication mechanisms to manage physical access to Federal...

FAST is a collection of fire modeling tools which uses the underlying fire model CFAST and adds the routines of FIREFORM to provide engineering calculations of fire phenomena in compartmented structures. This manual provides documentation and examples for using FAST. It describes how to...

This data dictionary specifies data elements that are used to describe the design, fabrication and inspection of weldments. It comprises welding information from several authoritative sources. Data include description of component materials, details of joints and welds, and variables of the welding processes. The...

The first priority for fire and rescue service personnel and all emergency first responders when responding to any call is the safety of all emergency personnel. Emergency first responders have been called to every recent terrorist attack in North America, and they will continue...

The purpose of this report is to identify and illustrate an approach to simplify and strengthen capital planning for information system security in compliance with federal policy and guidance. The report provides the theoretical underpinnings of a methodology that will enable budgeting officials, system...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with the cooperation of eight technology providers, performed a test of accuracy for searching latent fingerprints when using automatically extracted features and matching (AFEM). This test is Phase II of the Evaluation of Latent Fingerprint Technology...

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nations measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and...

The performance standard for ballistic-resistant body armor published by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), NIJ Standard 0101.06, recommends estimating the perforation performance of body armor by performing a statistical analysis on V50 ballistic limit testing data. The logistic regression model is the statistical...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) received funding through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) to construct a Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF). The initial goal of the NZERTF is to demonstrate that a net-zero energy residential design can...

Access control is perhaps the most basic aspect of computer security. Nearly all applications that deal with financial, privacy, safety, or defense include some form of access control. In many systems access control takes the form of a simple password mechanism, but many require...

This document describes the current Framework models of the overall Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems Framework, or ALFUS. ALFUS addresses the autonomy issues along the lifecycle of the unmanned system (UMS), particularly, the autonomy issues at the lifecycle stages of requirements specification, testing and...

This report provides an economic review of the National Institute of Standards and Technology High Performance Concrete (HYPERCON) Program from the period FY01 through FY09. The HYPERCON research program is designed to lower the cost of concrete performance prediction by developing and applying new...

Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-12, Policy for a Common Identification Standard for Federal Employees and Contractors [HSPD-12], called for new standards to be adopted governing interoperable use of identity credentials to allow physical and logical access to Federal government locations and systems. The Personal...

This document introduces the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), explains its importance to the internet, and provides a set of best practices that can help in protecting BGP. Best practices described here are intended to be implementable on nearly all currently available BGP routers. While...

NIST Special Publication 800-50, Building An Information Technology Security Awareness and Training Program, provides guidance for building an effective information technology (IT) security program and supports requirements specified in the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002 and the Office of Management and...

A CCD camera mounted on a manufacturing part inspection workstation is calibrated for measuring 3D part geometry. It is calibrated by using computer algorithms to analyze data collected from a specially designed calibration image pattern. The calibration image used is a black and white...

Cell phones and other handheld devices incorporating cell phone capabilities (e.g., Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phones) are ubiquitous. Rather than just placing calls, certain phones allow users to perform additional tasks such as SMS (Short Message Service) messaging, Multi-Media Messaging Service (MMS) messaging, IM...

Cell phones and other handheld devices incorporating cell phone capabilities (e.g., Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) phones) are ubiquitous. Rather than just placing calls, certain phones allow users to perform additional tasks such as SMS (Short Message Service) messaging, Multi-Media Messaging Service (MMS) messaging, IM...

This supplement to the CFAST Technical Reference Guide provides details of the software development process for CFAST and accompanying validation for the model. It is based in part on the Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models, ASTM E 1355....

CFAST is a two-zone fire model capable of predicting the environment in a multi-compartment structure subjected to a fire. It calculates the time evolving distribution of smoke and fire gases and the temperature throughout a building during a user- prescribed fire. This report describes...

The use of halon 1301 for fire fighting is being phased out due to its deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone. This report summarizes the findings of a three year study designed to characterize and identify super-effective thermal fire-fighting agents as possible replacements for these...

This document reprises the NIST-established definition of cloud computing, describes cloud computing benefits and open issues, presents an overview of major classes of cloud technology, and provides guidelines and recommendations on how organizations should consider the relative opportunities and risks of cloud computing.Author: NistISBN-10:...

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-12 called for new standards to be adopted governing the interoperable use of identity credentials to allow physical and logical access to Federal government locations and systems. The Personal Identity Verification (PIV) for Federal Employees and Contractors, (Federal Information...

This annual report covers the work conducted within the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Computer Security Division during Fiscal Year 2010. It discusses all projects and programs within the Division, staff highlights, and publications.Author: NistISBN-10: 1493763393ISBN-13: 9781493763399Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformLanguage: EnglishPublished: 11/13/2013Pages:...

Title III of the E-Government Act of 2002, entitled the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002, requires NIST to prepare an annual public report on activities undertaken in the previous year, and planned for the coming year, to carry out responsibilities under...

Computer security incident response has become an important component of information technology (IT) programs. Securityrelated threats have become not only more numerous and diverse but also more damaging and disruptive. An incident response capability is necessary for rapidly detecting incidents, minimizing loss and destruction,...

This bibliography cites selected books and articles on computer security published from January 1980 through October 1989. To have been selected, an article had to be substantial in content and have been published in professional or technical journals, magazines, or conference proceedings. Only very...

This document provides guidance on creating a security patch and vulnerability management program and testing the effectiveness of that program. The primary audience is security managers who are responsible for designing and implementing the program. However, this document also contains information useful to system...

Data evaluation is the process by which collections of data are assessed with respect to reliability, completeness, and consistency. The present work addresses data evaluation for materials properties as a scientific discipline that evolves from the formal underpinnings of materials metrology. A theoretical foundation...

Modern CAD systems generate feature-based product shape models with parameterization and constraints. Until recently, standards for CAD data exchange among different CAD systems were restricted to the exchange of pure shape information. These standards ignored the parameters, constraints, features, and other elements of ?...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (NOAA/MMHSRP) conducts annual interlaboratory comparison exercises for the determination of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, and trace elements in...

The purpose of this document is to provide the foundation for the development of a guidance document on emergency communication message content and dissemination strategies. The document answers three major questions regarding emergency communication systems: 1) What technology exists or is proposed for use...

Although there is a great deal of high-quality information available on resilience-related topics hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment, risk management, and loss estimation as well as disaster resilience itself, there is no central source of data and tools to which the owners and...

This paper quantifies the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nano-size particles. A lubricant based nanofluid (nanolubricant) was made by suspending 20 nm diameter Al2O3 particles...

Fire departments use ventilation blowers or fans to pressurize a structure prior to suppressing a fire. This pressurization or positive pressure ventilation (PPV) tactic has not been characterized carefully enough to establish specific guidelines for optimum use of PPV. PPV can assist in the...

This recommendation provides technical guidelines for Federal agencies implementing electronic authentication and is not intended to constrain the development or use of standards outside of this purpose. The recommendation covers remote authentication of users (such as employees, contractors, or private individuals) interacting with government...

As part of a Cybernetic Building Systems project at the NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory, a whole building emulator called the Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed (VCBT) has been developed. The VCBT combines simulation tools with commercial building automation system products in order to...

A series of six experiments was conducted in a highrise apartment building in Chicago, Illinois. One experiment on each of the fire floors utilized portable fans and the other utilized a large truck or trailer mounted fan. The two experiments on the third floor...

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a tactic that is used on fire grounds across the world everyday, both to improve tenability after the extinguishment of a fire and/or offensively during fire attack to improve firefighting conditions. PPV has proven that it can be a...

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether polyurethane foam (PUF) could be produced as a standard reference material for ultimate use in a standard test intended to ensure the smoldering performance of commercially available upholstered furniture. For this purpose, PUF was produced...

This report describes how the fires that followed the impact of debris from the collapse of WTC 1 (the north tower) led to the collapse of WTC 7; an evaluation of the building evacuation and emergency response procedures; what procedures and practices were used...