U. S. Department of Commerce

Industry & Analysis' (I&A) staff of industry, trade and economic analysts devise and implement international trade, investment, and export promotion strategies that strengthen the global competitiveness of U.S. industries. These initiatives unlock export, and investment opportunities for U.S. businesses by combining in-depth quantitative and...

Verifying correctness of stated facts, rules, and term definitions for an industrial domain of work requires the contributions of experts in the domain. Conversely, use of automated reasoning technologies to assist in making industry decisions and validating industry information demands that facts, rules and...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology investigation of active fire protection systems in World Trade Center 1, 2 and 7 included the design, installation, capabilities, and performance on September 11, 2001, of the automatic fire sprinkler, standpipe, standpipe pre connected hoses, fire alarm,...

The National Weather Service (NWS) has a number of devices for detecting severe thunderstorms. Included in these are radar, satellite, and lightning detection networks. However, the most important tool for observing thunderstorms is the trained eye of the storm spotter. While radar is used...

Bank systems, clusters of shallow banks and associated channels located in the shallow waters between Florida Bay and the Florida Keys, are distinctive benthic features of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). The banks are aggregations of Porites coral rubble and Halimeda sand covered...

Although Cameroon is endowed with abundant natural resources, steady economic growth, and a key location in central Africa, the investment climate in Cameroon is plagued by endemic corruption and a heavy-handed and slow moving bureaucracy. International watchdog organizations rank Cameroon as one of the...

Canada continues to maintain its ranking as the United States' largest export market in the world accounting for $365.8 billion (19% of total exports) of U.S. goods and services. This figure represents a $10.4 billion increase (2.9%) from 2012 and the highest total on...

In November 2011, El Salvador and the United States signed the Partnership for Growth (PFG) Joint Country Action Plan (JCAP), which seeks to accelerate and sustain broad-based economic growth by addressing binding constraints in the areas of crime and insecurity, and low productivity in...

Finland, a member of the European Union (EU) since 1995, has redefined itself from a quiet agricultural based economy to a trend setting, global center for technology. Finland has commercial clout far in excess of its modest 5.3 million population. Finland routinely ranks at...

The Country: Located on the North East Atlantic coast of South America bordered by Venezuela, Suriname, and Brazil, Guyana is the only English-speaking country on the continent. Although geographically a part of South America, Guyana boasts cultural and political ties to the Caribbean; its...

For the past two decades, Jamaica's economic growth has been under 1% per year. Real GDP has been in continuous decline in Jamaica since March 2012, contracting between -1.0% to 0% during the April 2012-March 2013 period. The global economic meltdown was particularly felt...

It has been over two years since the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) went into force on March 15, 2012, becoming our nation's largest FTA since NAFTA. The Agreement is expected to increase U.S. exports to Korea by approximately USD 10-12 billion. Total 2011...

The Maldives is made up of over 1,190 small, low lying coral islands of which198 islands are inhabited and another 98 are exclusive resort islands.The local population is about 325,000; more than 900,000 tourists arrive annually. There are more than 100,000 expatriate workers. Population...

The United States and the Sultanate of Oman share a strong bilateral relationship based on a joint commitment to the security, stability, and prosperity of the region. Oman is a regional actor as a member of the Arab League as well as the Gulf...

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the only country in the Middle East region that is a member of the G-20 group of major economies. Saudi Arabia is the 9th largest trading partner of the United States with bilateral trade of $71 billion in...

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Americans and people around the world were shocked by the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York City and the devastation of the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., after large aircraft were flown into the buildings,...

In WTC 2, the aircraft impact caused damage to the south and north exterior walls, floors, and columns in the southeast corner of the core. The floor damage and the subsequent fires caused sagging of the floor and local floor/wall disconnections, and resulting in...

Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) (Figure 1) is managed by the National Marine Sanctuary Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. This Final Management Plan (FMP) is designed to replace the 1983 GRNMS management plan, as...

This document provides guidance for conducting risk assessments of federal informational systems and organizations, amplifying the guidance in Special Publication 800-39. This document provides guidance for carrying out each of the steps in the risk assessment process (i.e., preparing for the assessment, conducting the...

Forensic science is generally defined a the application of science to law. Digital forensics, also known as computer and network forensics, has many definitions.Author: U. S. Department of CommerceISBN-10: 1494747766ISBN-13: 9781494747763Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformLanguage: EnglishPublished: 01/21/2014Pages: 120Format: PaperbackWeight: 0.65lbsSize: 11.02h x 8.50w x...

Mobile phone forensics is the science of recovering digital evidence from a mobile phone under forensically sound conditions using accepted methods. Mobile phones, especially those with advanced capabilities, are a relatively recent phenomenon, not usually covered in classical computer forensics. This guide attempts to...

An increasing emphasis on energy saving and environmental conservation requires that air conditioners and heat pumps be highly efficient. To this end, several government initiatives have been undertaken. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Global Programs Division is responsible for the assessment...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927523). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents, and representatives of applicants with...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927530). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) (A work in 7 volumes) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents,...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927547). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents, and representatives of applicants with...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927554). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents, and representatives of applicants with...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927561). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents, and representatives of applicants with...

New 9th Edition is available (ISBN: 978-1500927585). This is Original 8th Edition (Rev, July 2008) Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (a.k.a. MPEP) This Manual is published to provide U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent examiners, applicants, attorneys, agents, and representatives of applicants with...

The guide presents the general technical requirements of the laboratory accreditation program for calibration laboratories along with specific technical criteria and guidance applicable to dimensional measurements.Author: U. S. Department of CommerceISBN-10: 1496001184ISBN-13: 9781496001184Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformLanguage: EnglishPublished: 03/04/2014Pages: 34Format: PaperbackWeight: 0.23lbsSize: 11.02h x...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) opened a public competition on November 2, 2007 to develop a new cryptographic hash algorithm - SHA-3, which will augment the hash algorithms currently specified in the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-3, Secure Hash Standard....

In 1988 Congress designated the International System of Units (SI), the metric system, as the preferred system of measurement for use in trade and commerce (15 U.S.C. 205 - 267). This publication provides guidance on the use of the International System of Units (SI)...

This paper discusses some aspects of selecting and testing random and pseudorandom number generators. The outputs of such generators may be used in many cryptographic applications, such as the generation of key material. Generators suitable for use in cryptographic applications may need to meet...

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and...

In February 2008, a series of 14 experiments were conducted in a 7-story building to evaluate the ability of positive pressure ventilation fans, wind control devices and external water application with floor below nozzles to mitigate the hazards of a wind driven fire in...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides standard time and frequency information through three radio broadcast stations that are routinely used by millions of customers. The stations, WWV and WWVB, located near Fort Collins, Colorado, and WWVH, located on the island of...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) opened a public competition on November 2, 2007, to develop a new cryptographic hash algorithm - SHA-3, which will augment the hash algorithms specified in the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-4, Secure Hash Standard (SHS)....

Across the nation, headlines tell the story of evidence that has been mishandled, misplaced, lost, or destroyed. Often the blame for these mishaps is directed toward property and evidence custodians housed in the law enforcement agencies worldwide.Author: U. S. Department of CommerceISBN-10: 1502472694ISBN-13: 9781502472694Publisher:...

Manufacturers face many challenges in implementing next-generation automation, especially when their production mix involves low volumes of parts with high mixtures of part types. Small batches, which might include even batches of one, require quick turnover rates and the ability to reprogram a multiplicity...

Ambient noise in the ocean is a topic that has been widely studied since the 1940s. Over the last 25 years the effects of noise on marine organisms has become a concern. The primary issue has been the potential of noise to adversely affect...

On May 3, 1999, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in history struck west-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas, killing 48 people, leaving thousands homeless and resulting in over $1 billion in property damage. Due to the magnitude of this event, the National Weather Service...

What is a patent? What do "patent pending" and "patent applied for" mean? How do you go about applying for a patent? This indispensable handbook, originally published by the U.S. Government's Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) not only answers these and many other questions...

This is the proceedings of a workshop held on November 7 and 8, 2005 in Long Beach, California, USA, hosted by the Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division, Information Technology Laboratory, of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The workshop, "Software Security Assurance...

This report is the second in a series of reports from the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Engineering Laboratory project titled Materials Standards for Additive Manufacturing. This project provides the measurement science for the additive manufacturing (AM) industry to measure material properties...

This report is the product of an intensive eleven-month U.S. Department of Commerce examination of market-distorting practices and trade barriers in the global steel industry and their possible contribution to the 1998 U.S. steel crisis. The report also recommends solutions to avoid future crises.Author:...

To submit a proposal to a regional association, obtain Form 15: Proposal to Amend Handbooks at www.ncwm.net or by contacting NCWM via email at info@ncwm.net. Complete the form and submit it electronically in Microsoft Word format at NCWM at info@ncwm.net and copy the Executive...

This report is provided to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) and Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), by the Gulf of Maine Cod Project (GMCP) at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). It presents...

This document is the revised final management plan and environmental assessment for the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. The plan's primary goal is the protection of sanctuary resources, including the conservation of marine biodiversity within the sanctuary. The attendant sub-goals include protecting the sanctuary's...

There is concern that fishing methods used by the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP) tuna purse-seine fishery may cause stress to dolphins, and that such stress may be having an adverse impact on reproduction or survival in these mammals. Recent legislation, the 1997 International...

Chapter 1 presents an introductory overview of surface weather observations.Chapter 2 discusses the surface weather observation program, types of observations, criteria for specials, general observing standards, and dissemination.Chapter 3 presents the certification and quality control standards. It discusses certification of observers and quality control...

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Law Enforcement Standards Office (OLES) and Information...